What is the Module pattern and how does it help with encapsulation?

The Module pattern in JavaScript is a design pattern used to create self-contained modules of code. It helps with encapsulation by allowing you to define private and public members within a module. Private members are not accessible from outside the module, while public members are exposed through a returned object. This pattern helps in organizing code, avoiding global namespace pollution, and maintaining a clean separation of concerns.

var myModule = (function () {
  var privateVar = "I am private";

  function privateMethod() {
    console.log(privateVar);
  }

  return {
    publicMethod: function () {
      privateMethod();
    },
  };
})();

myModule.publicMethod(); // Logs: I am private