How can you avoid problems related to hoisting?

To avoid problems related to hoisting, always declare variables at the top of their scope using let or const instead of var. This ensures that variables are block-scoped and not hoisted to the top of their containing function or global scope. Additionally, declare functions before they are called to avoid issues with function hoisting.

// Use let or const
let x = 10;
const y = 20;
console.log(x, y); // Output: 10 20

// Declare functions before calling them
function myFunction() {
  console.log("Hello, world!");
}
myFunction(); // Output: 'Hello, world!'