Explain the concept of lexical scoping

Lexical scoping means that the scope of a variable is determined by its location within the source code, and nested functions have access to variables declared in their outer scope. For example:

function outerFunction() {
  let outerVariable = "I am outside!";

  function innerFunction() {
    console.log(outerVariable); // 'I am outside!'
  }

  innerFunction();
}

outerFunction();

In this example, innerFunction can access outerVariable because of lexical scoping.